[翻譯/Translation] 學術摘要 Abstract｜歐盟/永續/環保材料 EU and Sustainability｜紡織綜合研究所 Textile Industry Research Institute Foundation（二）

Paving the way for an ABS recycling revOLution in the EU (ABSolEU)



進化之路：改善歐盟之ABS樹脂回收



ABSolEU aims to pave the way to circularity for the ubiquitous plastic ABS, found in durable products from toys and other consumer goods to automotive components. Despite the potential of this material, at least 85% of end-of-life ABS ends up in landfills or incineration due to the presence of additives and fillers that hamper its proper recycling. ABSolEU will develop and mature to TRL 6 a technology for the physical recycling of waste ABS, providing a clean and safe recyclate that is free of additives and contaminants and ready to be reintroduced into the value chain for value added, high performance products. In parallel, ABSolEU will develop new analytical methods for safety and quality assurance; these will allow project partners to establish a thorough understanding of the composition of ABS waste streams, including the presence of additives and the degree of degradation, as well as monitor these throughout recycling and compounding processes. In addition, ABSolEU aims to provide the scaffolding to support adoption of physical recycling for ABS and support the uptake of ABS recyclates by industry and consumers. This is achieved through circular value chain labs and explorative citizen labs, investigation of new traceability systems for ABS materials and products, and standardisation of processes for recycling, analysis and traceability. ABSolEU’s research outputs are communicated, disseminated and synthesised into best practices, methodologies, and policy recommendations for ABS recycling to contribute to a resource efficient industry. The project is implemented by a strong consortium that spans the entire ABS value chain. It is led by UCA and involves 10 additional partners: 3 global brand owners, 2 RTOs, an ABS-producing company, a recycler, a traceability solutions company, a standardisation institute and a company specialised in stakeholder engagement. With ABSolEU, the consortium is seeking to lay the first bricks of a sustainable future for ABS plastics.



鑑於ABS樹脂廣泛見於各項耐用產品，如玩具與汽車零件之中，ABSolEU致力於ABS樹脂的材料回收與改革相關技術。儘管ABS極具潛力，實際上，此項材料在壽命結束後，至少85%的ABS都滯留於垃圾掩埋場或是焚化爐，而ABS的低回收率則源於材料內部的添加物與填充物。因應此現象，ABSolEU不只希望開發、也完備ABS於真實場域回收技術至TRL 6的等級，為眾人提供乾淨、安全、無添加物與污染物的回收技術，並將之重新引入商業價值鏈，提高產品之優勢並兼之原有機能；於同時間，ABSolEU也力求安全與品質，亦而為此研發新的分析方法，協助合作夥伴，了解ABS材料廢棄物流、添加物與聚合物降解，與監控回收與聚合過程。除此之外，ABSolEU也以以下方式支持業界與客戶對於ABS回收的接受率：價值鏈研究、公民實驗室、追蹤ABS材料與產品的系統，與標準化的回收作業、分析、與溯源。我們的研究產出，可供彼此交流、傳播、合成，以便實踐最佳回收方法與相關政策推行，提高ABS回收之資源效率。這項計畫由UCA領導、並集結了足以影響ABS價值鏈的集團，共10位夥伴：包含了3位國際品牌、2位RTO、一家ABS製造公司、一位回收專家、一家材料溯源公司、標準化作業之研究機構，與專門處理相關方之公司。ABSolEU將與集團，邁出第一步，共同鋪展使用、製造，與回收ABS之永續方案，於進化之路前進。

















INCREACE - INCREASING RECYCLED CONTENT IN ADDED VALUE PRODUCTS FOR A RESILIENT AND DIGITIZED CIRCULAR ECONOMY (INCREACE)



INCREACE：提高增值產品中之回收材料，建立長期與數位之循環經濟（INCREACE）



Increasing the share of recycled plastics in new products is a central aspect of the European Strategy for Plastics, adopted by the European Commission in 2018 as a part of the first Circular Economy Action Plan (2015). One of the main goals of the Strategy is to ensure that by 2025 10 million tonnes of recycled plastics find their way into new products on the EU market, against less than 4 million tonnes in 2016. However, in 2016 only 8.4 million tonnes of plastics went to recycling facilities as input material. For this reason, the collection rate has to improve significantly and more collected material needs to reach recycling facilities instead of being incinerated or landfilled. Additionally, the demand for recycled plastics needs a boost, especially in added value applications where the current share is still zero or very low. Another precondition for the uptake of recycled plastics in added value products is trust. On the supply side, definitions, standards and traceability will help OEMs integrating recycled plastics into their business models. On the demand side, general acceptance of new materials will be crucial from all stakeholders, including manufacturers and the general public. The INCREACE project will tackle above mentioned issues through innovative and interdisciplinary solutions along the entire plastics recycling value chain embedded in a systemic framework. The project partners will develop new data-driven sorting solutions, combine complementary recycling technologies to increase the recycling yield and introduce new digital verification methods (blockchain) to create the required trust in the industry. The consortium will collaborate beyond organisational and sectoral boundaries to develop specific business-cases to proof the concept. The partners will provide targeted inputs into standardisation, policy making and foster active and inclusive engagement oof all relevant stakeholders as actors of the circular plastic transition.



於2018年，歐洲聯盟委員會（The European Commission）採取了歐洲塑膠策進會（The European Strategy for Plastics）的核心宗旨，也就是增加新產品裡的回收塑膠成份，並將之命為循環經濟行動計畫（Circular Economy Action Plan）。其中一個重大目標便是在2025年之前，1千萬噸的回收材料將會用於新產品並流通歐洲市場，超越於2016年僅少於4百萬噸重新使用的表現。然而，於2016年，僅有8千萬噸的塑膠進入回收設施，再度成為原料。由於此項事實，廢棄塑料的首級比例還需要大幅改善，而這些塑料也需要送往回收設施，並非直接掩埋或焚化。更甚，我們必須推動社會對於回收塑料的需求，特別是於增值相關應用的議題，因為針對此相關議題的處理非常稀少、甚至可以說沒有。另外，我們認為，信任能夠實際推行回收塑膠的增值產品的先決條件，則是信任。從供應面而言，定義、標準、追溯，將會幫助OEM成功將回收塑膠結合至他們的商業模式。從需求面而言，整體環境對於新材料的接受程度將會影響各方關係人，包含製造商與大眾。這項INCREACE計畫將會處理以上提及議題，並以創新、跨領域的解決方法，將整體塑膠回收的價值鏈導入系統性的框架之內。此計畫的合作夥伴將會發展一個以數據作為依據的方法，結合附加的回收科技，不只增加塑膠回收率，引介新的數位驗證方法（即，區塊鏈），方便建立業界之互信關係。此集團將會與各方合作，以落地以上概念，成為明確的商業案例。我們與各方合作夥伴也會將目標輸入置入標準化流程、政策制定，促使各方關係人參與、處理此種針對塑膠回收的全新方案。







Plastics Recycling from and for home appliances, toys and textile (PRecycling)



家用電器、玩具與紡織品之回收（PRecycling）



As it is addressed by the European Plastics Strategy (European Green Deal & Circular Economy Action Plan 2.0), new methods to reliably calculate, verify and report the recycled content in products need to be developed, boosting the increase of recycled content in everyday products against the use of virgin materials. However, measuring the recycled content is complex, requiring product tracing to the production source. PRecycling aims to develop an easy-to-use methodology for sorting, sampling, tracing and recycling plastic waste streams, including detection and separation of legacy additives, along with standard analysis procedures for both plastic waste materials and recyclates (secondary raw materials) in order to produce consistently high quality, safe-to-use recyclates based on their degradation degree and added-value products with predicted lifetime. Smart tracing via digital systems will be developed in parallel, to ensure the quality and safety of reused materials, targeting a sustainable, transparent and functional Circular Economy Model for the recycling market. The environmental and financial viability of PRecycling solutions will be assessed throughout life cycle and cost analysis in order to reach competitive prices of recycled products. The above will be demonstrated, producing (I) home appliances components, (II) toys/learning resources, and (III) 100% recycled textile, starting from the same sector recyclates and different European regions. However, the proposed methodology in PRecycling could be adapted by many other sectors, i.e. packaging, vehicles, and electric/electronic equipment, triggering significant societal impact apart from commercial and industrial interest. Demonstration activities will serve as part of a community awareness initiative, showing that 'from waste to product' transformation is scalable, replicable, traceable, commercially viable and most importantly, safe to use, both within the same and new supply chain products.





正如歐洲塑膠對策書（European Plastics Strategy，又稱European Green Deal & Circular Economy Action Plan 2.0）提出的，我們需要發展以下目標：找到可靠、循環的新方法，核實並回報回收內容物，提高產品內的回收物比例，而非完全依賴原材料。然而，準確估計回收內容物其實很複雜，也需要追溯產品與原料。

因應於此，PRecycling將目標放在發展簡單、易用的方法，以便整理、取樣、追溯、並回收塑膠廢料，執行細節包含偵測、分類添加物，並以標準流程分析塑膠廢料與回收物（又名，二級原料），根據降解程度與該增值產品的生命週期，製造高品質、安全使用的產品。 我們也會發展以數位系統進行的智慧追蹤，確保重新使用材料的品質與安全性，並針對永續、透明、與可執行的循環經濟模式（Circular Economy Model）為目標，為回收市場貢獻一份力。而此塑膠回收方案於環境與財政上的可行性，將會經由生命週期、成本分析評估，確認該方案將會以具有競爭力的價格製造回收產品。我們將會展示以上討論，最後期待會在回收物所在地、歐洲各地製造出三項：（一）家電零件，（二） 玩具／學習材料，與（三）100%回收材料。然而，以上我們提出塑膠回收方法可以應於在各大部門，例如，包裝、運輸、電動／電子產品，因而能使我們於商業與工業利益以外，也能發揮龐大的社會影響力。我們的展示活動將會是環保意識與社群的先鋒之一，顯示「從廢品到產品」的轉變不只具有生產規模，具有可複製、可追溯的的商業模式；更重要的是，這些產品不僅安全，更會兼容於原有與新創的供應鏈之創新結果。







Reforming secondary plastics to become the primary raw material choice for added-value products (PRIMUS)



重組二次塑膠而作為增值產品之初級原料（PRIMUS）



Polymers are one of the most used materials in different applications, especially in consumer goods like electronics, and the consumption is only expected to rise globally. In Europe, 25,8 million tonnes of plastic waste is generated annually and less than 30 % is collected for recycling and significant shares are exported from EU to be treated elsewhere. Landfilling (31 %) and incineration (39 %) of plastics is high (together 70 %), and by these treatment options the valuable materials are lost from circulation. It is estimated that 95 % of the value of plastic packaging material, between 70-105 billion EUR, is lost annually to the economy after a very short first-use cycle. The industry is lacking standards and main barriers for efficient uptake of recyclates are due to safety concerns, low quality, and recycling rates. PRIMUS activities will increase the resilience of EU's plastic value chains by securing supply of waste plastics as feedstock and increasing its availability through connecting value chain actors, developing methods to control quality, sampling, and analysis, and improving upgrading knowhow and characterize suitability towards added-value products. PRIMUS will prove legislative compliant, privacy-preserving, cost-efficient and feasible technological pathways for tapping into non-recycled or underutilized plastic waste streams. Validated business cases will lower the risks of future investments into European manufacturing capacity. PRIMUS will address one of the core challenges identified in the EU Circular Economy Action Plan, the presence of hazardous substances (brominated flame retardants) and how to effectively and safely debrominate the waste streams for new product use. PRIMUS will contribute to circulating underutilised or non-recycled streams and create further impact by supporting additional production of 0,2 Mtonnes of rHIPS, rPC/ABS, rEPDM and rTPE, which is approximately 6 % of the expected growth of European recyclate market 2018-2024.



聚合物於現今廣泛使用於民生用品，尤見於電器產品。因此，全球對於聚合物的需求與消費量必然上升。每年在歐洲就有2580萬頓的塑膠廢料，而只有不到30%的廢料被收集、回收；更甚，大量廢料被運出歐盟，於他處處理。數據顯示，總共70%的廢料被掩埋或是焚化（31%掩埋，39%焚化），但這些廢料處理方法並未妥善回收這些材料。經估計，價值從700億到1050億之塑膠包裝材料，每年高達95%的比例，僅以極短週期存在於現今的經濟體系當中。當今，塑膠產業缺乏回收標準，又基於廢料吸收的安全考量、低品質與低回收率，也是極大的考驗。PRIMUS之行動期待將增加歐盟塑膠價值鏈的供應、可用性，連結相關人士，並發展一系列品質控管、取向、分析，與知識技能的方法，最後為增值產品賦予適應性。PRIMUS將提供合乎法規、保護隱私、價錢合理、技術上可行的方法，挖掘不可回收或未充分利用的塑膠廢料。目前已有商業個案經過驗證，可以降低未來歐洲塑料製造的風險。而PRIMUS將會處理由歐盟循環經濟行動計畫（EU Circular Economy Action Plan）提出的核心挑戰之一，也就是注意有害物質如溴化阻燃劑之安全性，以及如何有效率並安全的執行廢料去溴，以求新產品使用。最後，PRIMUS將貢獻所知於兩大面向：其一為未被充分利用或並未回收之塑料循環流；其二為創造更多影響，並支持更多相關製造，如估計於2018年至2024年成長為計之6%的歐盟回收市場，計20萬噸的rHIPS、rPC/ABS，rEPDM，與rTPE。